Can a bigger amperage than tolerated burn/ short circuit a device?

yes a larger amount of current (amperage) can cause a device to burn out. The higher current damages sensitive Integrated circuits and cause the device to malfunction. My recommendation is to always check both the volts AND amperage before you use a power adaptor other than the one the manufacture recommends. Also any time the light goes out there si a reason try to find that out before you plug it in again. you might have done permanent damge to your pedal.